What is unusual for a modern chess game is that in sittuyin, promotion does not take place at the moment when one of the pawns reaches a field of advancement. Instead, a farmer can only be transported if he is already in one of these fields. It is not known how this promotion is made. Some sources claim that a player can transport a farmer instead of making a train (i.e. transport technically counts as their own train). [39] Others claim that a farmer who supports moves a field diagonally like a lady, and then transported to a field in the same bend, with another caveat that such a move cannot immediately control or catch the opponent`s lady. [40] In 1924, the International Chess Federation (FIDE) was founded, which in 1929 was responsible for unifying the rules. At first, FIDE tried to establish a universal set of rules, but translations into different languages differed slightly. Although FIDE rules have been used for international competition under their control, some countries have continued to use their own rules internally (Hooper & Whyld 1992: 220-21) harvcol error: no target: CITEREFHooperWhyld1992 (help). In 1952, FIDE created the Standing Commission for Chess Rules (also known as the Rules Commission) and published a new edition of the rules. The third official edition of the laws was published in 1966. The first three editions of the regulation were published in French, including the official version. In 1974, FIDE published the English version of the Rules (based on an authorized translation from 1955).
With this edition, English has become the official language of the regulation. Another edition was published in 1979. Meanwhile, the ambiguities of the laws have been filled in by frequent interpretations, which the Rules Board has published in the form of additions and amendments. In 1982, the Rules Commission rewrote the laws to reflect the interpretations and amendments (FIDE 1989:7-8). In 1984, FIDE abandoned the idea of a universal body of law, even though FIDE rules are the norm for high-level gaming (Hooper & Whyld 1992: 220-21) harvcol error: no target: CITEREFHooperWhyld1992 (help). With the 1984 edition, FIDE introduced a four-year moratorium on rule changes. Other editions were published in 1988 and 1992 (FIDE 1989:5), (Just 2014). Promotion to the rank of knight may also be for defensive reasons; a 2006 match between Gata Kamsky and Étienne Bacrot is one of them. [18] White threatens to catch Rh1`s pawn or companion if the black peasant is promoted to lady, tower or bishop. The only movement that does not lose for blacks is 74. e1=N+! The resulting end of the round vs. jumper game is a theoretical draw (see endgame without chess).
In the real game, mistakes were made in the Rook vs Knight final and White won on the 103rd move (from Villa 2008: 43 – 44). This is a standard defensive technique for the end of a tower against a pawn (from Villa 2008: 71 – 72). The rules of chess have evolved a lot over the centuries since the first chess games played in India in the 6th century. For much of this period, the rules varied from region to region. Modern rules took shape in Italy in the 13th century, giving more mobility to pieces that previously had more limited movement (such as the queen and bishop). Such modified rules appeared at the end of the 15th century. (Hooper & Whyld 1992:41,328) harvcol error: no target: CITEREFHooperWhyld1992 (Help) or early 16th century (Ruch 2004). The basic characteristics of the king, tower and rider are unchanged. Originally, farmers did not have the opportunity to move two fields on their first move and only climbed to a lady when they reached eighth place. The queen was originally the heel or farzin, which could move a square diagonally in any direction. In European chess, he became able to jump two squares diagonally, forward, backward or left or right in his first movement; some regions have also given this right to a newly promoted farmer.
In the Persian and Arabic game, the bishop was a pīl (Persian) or fīl (Arabic) (meaning “elephant”) who moved two fields diagonally with a jump (Davidson 1949: 13). In the Middle Ages, the peasant could only be promoted to the equivalent of a lady (who was the weakest figure at the time) if he reached his eighth rank (Davidson 1949: 59-61). .